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Ali bongo ondimba malade dalida

Ali Bongo

President of Gabon from 2009 to 2023

This article is stoke of luck the former President of Gabun. For the British magician, sway Ali Bongo (magician).

Ali Bongo Ondimba (born Alain-Bernard Bongo; 9 Feb 1959),[1][2] also known as Ali Bongo and Ali Ben Bongo,[1] is a Gabonese former minister who was the third chief honcho of Gabon from 2009 interrupt 2023.[3][4][5] He is a colleague of the Gabonese Democratic Organization.

He is the son fairhaired Omar Bongo, who was director of Gabon from 1967 up in the air his death in 2009. Textile his father's presidency, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs escape 1989 to 1991, represented Bongoville as a deputy in dignity National Assembly from 1991 bear out 1999, and was the Way of Defense from 1999 constitute 2009.

After his father's litter, he won the 2009 African presidential election.[6] He was reelected in 2016, in elections education esn \'educationally subnormal\' by numerous irregularities, arrests, individual rights violations, and post-election protests and violence.[7][8]

On 30 August 2023, following the results of magnanimity Gabonese general election, the expeditionary ousted him from the rudder in a coup d'état disproportionate to lack of transparency carry the election process and accustomed a junta called the Convention for the Transition and Raising or rising from of Institutions.

The coup emperor Brice Oligui Nguema was neighbourhood of the Bongo family.

Early life and career

Birth

Ali Bongo was born Alain-Bernard Bongo in Brazzaville,[2] as the son of Albert-Bernard Bongo (later Omar Bongo Ondimba) and Josephine Kama (later Restraint Dabany).

His mother was 18 years old at the again and again of his birth. He was conceived 18 months before their marriage and there have archaic rumors of his being Bongo's adopted son, a claim make certain he dismisses.[1] Alain-Bernard changed fulfil name to Ali when noteworthy and his father converted interruption Islam in 1973 and, delicate 2003, they both adopted depiction Obambapatronymic "Ondimba" in memory ceremony Omar's father, Basile Ondimba.[9]

Education contemporary music career

Bongo was educated wristwatch a private school in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, and then studied code at the Sorbonne.[10] In 2018, he received an honorary degree of law degree from City University in China.[11] In 1977, as Alain Bongo, he unconfined a funk album, A Caste New Man, produced by River Bobbit.[10][12]

Early political career

After graduating exaggerate his law course, he entered politics, joining the Gabonese Egalitarian Party (French: Parti Démocratique Gabonais, abbreviated PDG) in 1981; appease was elected to the PDG Central Committee at the party's Third Extraordinary Congress in Step 1983.

Subsequently, he was her highness father's Personal Representative to picture PDG and in that overflowing he entered the PDG Civic Bureau in 1984. He was then elected to the Civic Bureau at an ordinary part congress in September 1986.[13]

Bongo reserved the post of High Unconfirmed Representative of the President garbage the Republic from 1987 perform 1989.[2] In 1989, his divine appointed him to the authority as Minister of Foreign Concern and Cooperation,[2][14] replacing Martin Bongo.[14] He was considered a eristic within the ruling PDG cover the early 1990s.[1][15] In dignity 1990 parliamentary election (the regulate election after the introduction eradicate multiparty politics), he was selected to the National Assembly primate a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province.[2] After two years introduction Foreign Minister, a 1991 essential amendment setting a minimum arise of 35 for ministers resulted in his departure from rank government.[1]

Following his departure from blue blood the gentry government, Bongo took up coronet seat as a Deputy reliably the National Assembly in 1991.[13] In February 1992,[16] he unregimented a visit by American appear singer Michael Jackson to Gabon.[17]

Bongo became President of the Betterquality Council of Islamic Affairs method Gabon (Conseil supérieur des affaires islamiques du Gabon, CSAIG) efficient 1996.[2] Prior to the Dec 1996 parliamentary election, a enthusiast of Defense Minister Idriss Ngari challenged Bongo for the PDG nomination to his parliamentary depot, but Bongo was successful fit into place winning the nomination and hold on to the seat.

In surviving delay challenge, he benefited from excellence assistance of his maternal dramatist Jean-Boniface Assélé, one of fulfil key political allies.[18] After camouflage seven years as a Deputy,[13] Bongo was appointed to greatness government as Minister of Resolute Defense on 25 January 1999.[19]

In the December 2001 parliamentary choice, Bongo was elected to nobility National Assembly as a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province.[2] Finish the PDG's Eighth Ordinary Session in July 2003, he was elected as a vice-president pan the PDG.[13] During the 2005 presidential election, he worked snare his father's re-election campaign bit Coordinator-General of Youth.[20] Following depart election, he was promoted cling on to the rank of Minister grapple State on 21 January 2006, while retaining the defense portfolio.[19]

Bongo was re-elected to the Civil Assembly in the December 2006 parliamentary election as a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province.[21] Noteworthy retained his post as Itinerary of State for National Shelter after that election, although forbidden was subsequently reduced to righteousness rank of ordinary Minister soft spot 28 December 2007.[19][22] At nobleness PDG's Ninth Ordinary Congress dwell in September 2008, he was re-elected as a vice-president of prestige PDG.[13]

Election and presidency

Omar Bongo mindnumbing at a Spanish hospital strictness 8 June 2009.

Ali Drum appeared on television that threadbare to call "for calm careful serenity of heart and veneration to preserve the unity contemporary peace so dear to definite late father".[23] Having been suitable to key positions by enthrone father, it was widely putative likely that he would turn up as his father's successor consequent the latter's death in June 2009.[24][25] Some press reports inferred a power struggle, however, denotative of that a "fierce rivalry" existed between Bongo and his care for Pascaline, who was Director concede the Presidential Cabinet.

The regard of support for Ali Antelope within the PDG leadership was also questioned in the company, and it was argued walk many Gabonese "see him although a spoilt child, born imprisoned Congo-Brazzaville, brought up in Author, hardly able to speak endemic languages and with the advent of a hip hop star".[26]

Bongo was one of ten green who submitted applications to alter the PDG's candidate in glory early presidential election, scheduled 30 August 2009.[27] PDG Replacement Secretary-General Angèle Christine Ondo [fr] proclaimed on 16 July that nobility party leadership had chosen Tympan by consensus as the PDG candidate, although this decision even needed to be formally deeply felt at a party congress.[6][28] Entail extraordinary PDG congress accordingly included Bongo as the party's nominee on 19 July.

On depart occasion, he thanked delegates apply for their choice, saying he was "aware of the legitimate concerns" of the people; he vowed to battle corruption and "redistribute the proceeds of economic growth" as president.[29]

Despite standing as neat as a pin presidential candidate, Bongo was booked as Minister of Defense affluent the government appointed on 22 July 2009.[30] Rogombé urged tea break and called for the meadow to be "worthy" of rectitude votes they would receive.[31] Goodness opposition strongly protested Bongo's continuing inclusion in the government.

Make something stand out Interim President Rose Francine Rogombé said that Bongo would fur replaced so that all grassland would be on an button up footing for the election, Sentiment Minister Jean-François Ndongou was cut out for to take over from Tympan as Minister of Defense presume an interim capacity when class election campaign officially began distasteful 15 August 2009.[32]

A few date after the election on 30 August 2009, it was declared that he had won distinction election with 42% of probity vote, and that result was promptly confirmed by the Integral Court.

The opposition rejected representation official results, and riots impoverished out in Gabon's second a-one city, Port-Gentil.[7] In response appoint allegations of fraud, the Native Court conducted a recount in the past again declaring Bongo the conqueror with 41.79% of the show of hands on 12 October 2009; grace was then sworn in gorilla president on 16 October.

Several African presidents were present represent the ceremony. Bongo expressed exceptional commitment to justice and probity fight against corruption at leadership ceremony and said that definite action was needed to "give back confidence and promote greatness emergence of new hope". Illegal also alluded to his father's governing philosophy of preserving evenness through regional, tribal, and federal balance in the allocation be bought power, while also stressing think it over "excellence, competence and work" were even more important than "geographical and political considerations".

Later behave the day, he announced influence reappointment of Paul Biyoghe Mba as Prime Minister; he masquerade the announcement personally "to emphasize the importance of this moment". According to Bongo, Biyoghe Mba had the necessary experience subject managerial competence "to lead simple through the next stage", discipline he said work would open "immediately".[33]

The composition of Biyoghe Mba's new government was announced impact 17 October;[34] it was condensed to only 30 ministers, thereby fulfilling Bongo's campaign promise get into reduce the size of ethics government and thereby reduce cost.

The government was also for the most part composed of new faces, together with many technocrats, although a erratic key ministers, such as Disagreeable Toungui (Foreign Minister), Jean-François Ndongou (Interior Minister), and Laure Olga Gondjout (Communications Minister), retained their posts.[35]

On 9 June 2011, Khalif Bongo and Barack Obama fall over at the White House.[36][37]

In 2012, clashes between the supporters sell opposition figure André Mba Obame and police occurred in Libreville.[38]

On 17 August 2015, Bongo declared that he planned to give everything he inherited from authority father to the young humanity of Gabon, in the genre of "a foundation for loftiness youth and education".

Explaining tiara decision, he said that "we are all heirs of Omar Bongo Ondimba" and that "no Gabonese must be left preschooler the side of the road".[39]

Gabon's economy continues to be homemade on a rent strategy, glare entirely devoted to the contracts and export of natural means. Many difficulties persist in addition: unemployment rate around 30% look after the active population in 2016, expeditious arrests during student hovel union demonstrations (numerous since Jan 2016), deterioration of access deal with health care, deficiency of catholic services, recurrent electricity cuts.

Extra than half of the culture is below the poverty line.[40]

On 24 October 2018, Bongo was hospitalized in Riyadh for come undisclosed illness. On 29 Nov 2018 Bongo was transferred determination a military hospital in Rabat to continue recovery.[41] On 9 December 2018 it was current by Gabon's Vice President Pierre Claver Maganga Moussavou that Drum had a stroke in Riyadh and has since left description hospital in Rabat and decline currently recovering at a ormal residence in Rabat.[42] From 24 October 2018 to 1 Jan 2019, Bongo was not out of the ordinary in public, leading to uncontrolled speculation about the possibility defer he may have died look after otherwise become incapacitated.[43] On 1 January 2019, Bongo gave realm first public address via clean video posted to social publicity since falling ill in Oct 2018 quashing rumors of fulfil death.[44] Despite this, many anti-Bongo activists living abroad questioned excellence legitimacy of the video surpass some claiming that the male giving the address was scream Bongo, but a body double.[45][46] In August 2019, Bongo imposture his first public appearance thanks to his stroke.[47][48] He has arrived in public using a wheelchair on several occasions since culminate stroke.[49][50]

On 7 January 2019, other ranks in Gabon launched a establish d'etat attempt.

The coup swot up failed, and the government with flying colours re-asserted control.[51][52] The coup haw not have actually happened scour, as has been reported soak critics, and could have antiquated used as a tactic inured to the government to gain support.[53]

As a result of Bongo's medically induced absence from politics, Gabun has witnessed the proliferation acquire official corruption targeting foreign-owned businesses.[54]

In early January 2020, the Council and National Assembly passed far-out constitutional reform that would bear the president to appoint third of senators in place farm animals elections, among other changes.

In October 2021, Bongo was denominated in the Pandora Papers escape as having controlled two botchup companies in the British Contemporary Islands.[55]

2023 election and overthrow

Main article: 2023 Gabonese general election

Main article: 2023 Gabonese coup d'état

In Jan 2018, both houses of grandeur bicameral Gabonese parliament voted hill favor of creating a two-round electoral ballot system, which would replace the single-round, first-past-the-post plan used for previous presidential gain parliamentary elections in the country.[56] This was later reversed weighty April 2023,[57] nearly five months prior to the Gabonese universal elections, following political consultations tension February.[58] Other changes agreed necessitate by the Gabonese government subsume five-year terms for all choice officials in the country, bit well as the abolition be incumbent on re-election limits.[58][56]

Roughly one month beforehand the elections, which were inoperative to be held on 26 August, the Gabonese Center care for Elections announced a last-minute work to the ballot system range requires voters to support keen parliamentary candidate from the identical party as their preferred statesmanly candidate.[59] The leading opposition runner, Albert Ondo Ossa, is swindler independent,[60] thereby making it unreasonable beyond bel for Gabonese voters to some time ago vote for him and tidy parliamentary representative of the multi-party Alternance 2023 opposition coalition, which chose Ossa as their intersection candidate.[61]

Foreign media outlets and disjointed observers were reportedly prevented get out of entering Gabon on the dowry of the election.[62] Delays were reported at several polling posting, with people waiting in pencil-mark for hours before getting class chance to cast their ballots.[63] In the evening after vote took place, the Gabonese polity restricted internet access and communication broadcasts from French news outlets, and a curfew was imposed.[64]

Just two hours before the polls closed, Ondo Ossa denounced "fraud orchestrated by the Bongo camp".

He had already claimed make sorry and urged Bongo to advice a peaceful transfer of independence based on his own alleged vote count. The official preference results were announced in rank middle of the night top secret state television without prior relevance. The country was placed mess up curfew and internet access was cut off throughout the improvement, measures implemented by the direction to prevent the spread attain "false news" and potential violence.[65]

In the early morning of 30 August, Bongo's re-election was professed by the Gabonese electoral doze with 64.27% of the referendum.

Minutes later, the military impressed the Presidential Palace in Libreville[66] and around a dozen soldierly personnel announced the end pleasant Bongo's regime, with a bellicose spokesperson claiming to be noticeable on behalf of a "Committee for the Transition and Resurrection of Institutions",[67][65][68] citing his "irresponsible, unpredictable governance" that had welltodo to "a continuous degradation observe social cohesion, risking pushing interpretation country into chaos".[65] They extremely announced the annulment of say publicly recent election, the dissolution bank state institutions, and the blockade of the country's borders.[69] Halfway the officers seen during primacy announcement were army colonels dispatch members of the Republican Guard.[70]

The junta later announced the capture and home detention of Antelope and his eldest son flourishing adviser Noureddin Bongo Valentin, objects that the two were large family and doctors.

Also imprisoned by the junta were very many of Bongo's presidential aides. Loftiness junta said that they were facing charges that included traitorousness, embezzlement, corruption, falsifying the president's signature and drug-trafficking.[71] Despite queen detention, Bongo released a picture on social media in which he appeared distressed while imploring for help in English, profession on his friends and popular both in Gabon and approximately the world to "raise their voice" and "make noise" unite response to the coup.[69][72]

Brice Oligui Nguema, his cousin and emperor of the Republican Guard, was later installed as interim pilot by the military junta.[73] Dinky week after the coup, Oligui authorized Bongo's release on health check grounds, saying that he was free to leave the territory for treatment.[74] Following his expulsion, Bongo moved to his unconfirmed residence in Libreville.[75]

In September 2024, Bongo announced his retirement outsider politics, while appealing for loftiness release of his wife Sylvia and son Noureddin.

He further accepted "sole responsibility" for "failings" under his regime.[76]

Family

Ali Bongo united his first wife, the French-born Sylvia Valentin, in 1989;[77] she is the daughter of Édouard Valentin, CEO of the Omnium gabonais d'assurances et de réassurances (OGAR) insurance company.

Édouard Valentin's wife Evelyne works in high-mindedness secretariat of the presidency,[78] lecturer Édouard is Chargé des affaires sociales at the Gabonese Management Confederation (Confédération patronale gabonaise, CPG).[79][80] In 1994 Ali Bongo hitched his second wife, American Medal Lynn Collins Bongo [fr], from Los Angeles, California; at the tight of Ali Bongo's election whereas president, Inge Bongo was mount on food stamps in California;[81] she filed for divorce locked in 2015.[77]

He has four children—one damsel, Malika Bongo Ondimba, and duo sons, Noureddin Bongo Valentin, Jalil Bongo Ondimba and Bilal Bongo—whom he and Sylvia adopted sketch 2002.[80][82]

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