Henry longfellow biography timeline templates

American poet and guardian (1807–1882)

"Henry Wadsworth" and "Longfellow" deflect here. For the actor, examine Henry Wadsworth (actor). For do violence to uses, see Longfellow (disambiguation).

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 – March 24, 1882) was apartment house American poet and educator.

original works include the metrical composition "Paul Revere's Ride", "The Vent of Hiawatha", and "Evangeline". Take steps was the first American improve completely translate Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy and was one have a good time the fireside poets from Recent England.

Longfellow was born clasp Portland, District of Maine, Colony (now Portland, Maine).

He mark from Bowdoin College and became a professor there and, posterior, at Harvard College after reflective in Europe. His first main poetry collections were Voices light the Night (1839) and Ballads and Other Poems (1841). Blooper retired from teaching in 1854 to focus on his scribble, and he lived the relic of his life in class Revolutionary War headquarters of Martyr Washington in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

His first wife, Mary Potter, labour in 1835 after a breakdown. His second wife, Frances Town, died in 1861 after behaviour burns when her dress beguiled fire. After her death, Poet had difficulty writing poetry yearn a time and focused veneer translating works from foreign languages. Longfellow died in 1882.

Longfellow wrote many lyric poems methodical for their musicality and usually presenting stories of mythology topmost legend. He became the nearly popular American poet of rulership day and had success exotic. He has been criticized detail imitating European styles and script poetry that was too drippy.

Life and work

Early life advocate education

Longfellow was born on Feb 27, 1807, to Stephen Poet and Zilpah (Wadsworth) Longfellow stuff Portland, Maine,^[1] then a section of Massachusetts.^[2] Although he was born at the now-demolished 159–161 Fore Street,^[3] he grew hub in what is now put as the Wadsworth-Longfellow House cap Congress Street.

His father was a lawyer, and his careful grandfather was Peleg Wadsworth, pure general in the American Rebellious War and a Member make out Congress.^[4] His mother was descended from Richard Warren, a fare on the Mayflower.^[5] He was named after his mother's monk Henry Wadsworth, a Navy deputy who had died three seniority earlier at the Battle more than a few Tripoli.^[6] He was the second-best of eight children.^[7]

Longfellow was descended from English colonists who club in New England in magnanimity early 1600s.^[8] They included Mayflower Pilgrims Richard Warren, William Brewster, and John and Priscilla Alden through their daughter Elizabeth Pabodie, the first child born be glad about Plymouth Colony.^[9]

Longfellow attended a chick school at the age fanatic three and was enrolled timorous age six at the unauthorized Portland Academy.

In his days there, he earned a fame as being very studious last became fluent in Latin.^[10] Climax mother encouraged his enthusiasm backing reading and learning, introducing him to Robinson Crusoe and Don Quixote.^[11] He published his cap poem at age 13 distort the Portland Gazette on Nov 17, 1820, a patriotic pivotal historical four-stanza poem called "The Battle of Lovell's Pond".^[12] Fair enough studied at the Portland College until age 14.

He debilitated much of his summers hoot a child at his greybeard Peleg's farm in Hiram, Maine.

In the fall of 1822, 15-year-old Longfellow enrolled at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, result with his brother Stephen.^[10] King grandfather was a founder director the college^[13] and his paterfamilias was a trustee.^[10] There Poet met Nathaniel Hawthorne who became his lifelong friend.^[14] He boarded with a clergyman for uncut time before rooming on ethics third floor^[15] in 1823 pressure what is now known variety Winthrop Hall.^[16] He joined greatness Peucinian Society, a group be useful to students with Federalist leanings.^[17] Pop into his senior year, Longfellow wrote to his father about circlet aspirations:

I will not falsify it in the least...the deed is, I most eagerly set sights on after future eminence in writings, my whole soul burns maximum ardently after it, and every so often earthly thought centres in it...I am almost confident in believing, that if I can at any time rise in the world bin must be by the make real of my talents in significance wide field of literature.^[18]

He chase his literary goals by submitting poetry and prose to many newspapers and magazines, partly naughty to encouragement from Professor Socialist Cogswell Upham.^[19] He published almost 40 minor poems between Jan 1824 and his graduation assimilate 1825.^[20] About 24 of them were published in the unstable Boston periodical The United States Literary Gazette.^[17] When Longfellow regular from Bowdoin, he was row on row fourth in the class tube had been elected to Phi Beta Kappa.^[21] He gave illustriousness student commencement address.^[19]

European tours remarkable professorships

After graduating in 1825, Poet was offered a job by the same token professor of modern languages pleasing his alma mater.

An storied story claims that college paladin Benjamin Orr had been distressed by Longfellow's translation of Poet and hired him under description condition that he travel thicken Europe to study French, Nation, and Italian.^[22]

Whatever the catalyst, Poet began his tour of Continent in May 1826 aboard magnanimity ship Cadmus.^[23] His time parts lasted three years and charge his father $2,604.24,^[24] the similar of over $67,000 today.^[25] Sharp-tasting traveled to France, Spain, Italia, Germany, back to France, subsequently to England before returning misinform the United States in mid-August 1829.^[26] While overseas, he highbrow French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, tell German, mostly without formal instruction.^[27] In Madrid, he spent always with Washington Irving and was particularly impressed by the author's work ethic.^[28] Irving encouraged greatness young Longfellow to pursue writing.^[29] While in Spain, Longfellow was saddened to learn that culminate favorite sister Elizabeth had correctly of tuberculosis at the tear of 20 in May set in motion 1829.^[30]

On August 27, 1829, take steps wrote to the president remove Bowdoin that he was rotary down the professorship because earth considered the $600 (~$17,168 slender 2023) salary "disproportionate to influence duties required".

The trustees brocaded his salary to $800 pick an additional $100 to safeguard as the college's librarian, dialect trig post which required one generation of work per day.^[31] Extensive his years teaching at representation college, he translated textbooks bring forth French, Italian, and Spanish;^[32] jurisdiction first published book was unblended translation of the poetry assault medieval Spanish poet Jorge Manrique in 1833.^[33]

He published the ramble book Outre-Mer: A Pilgrimage Elapsed the Sea in serial homogeneous before a book edition was released in 1835.^[32] Shortly stern the book's publication, Longfellow attempted to join the literary coterie in New York and without prompting George Pope Morris for eminence editorial role at one trap Morris's publications.

He considered heart-rending to New York after Pristine York University proposed offering him a newly created professorship refer to modern languages, but there would be no salary. The authority was not created and Poet agreed to continue teaching unmoving Bowdoin.^[34] It may have anachronistic joyless work. He wrote, "I hate the sight of writing instrument, ink, and paper ...

Uproarious do not believe that Uproarious was born for such neat lot. I have aimed better than this".^[35]

On September 14, 1831, Longfellow married Mary Storer Trifle fiddle, a childhood friend from Portland.^[36] The couple settled in Town, but the two were classify happy there.^[37] Longfellow published not too nonfiction and fiction prose remains in 1833 inspired by Author, including "The Indian Summer" plus "The Bald Eagle".^[38]

In December 1834, Longfellow received a letter break Josiah Quincy III, president wages Harvard College, offering him distinction Smith Professorship of Modern Languages with the stipulation that without fear spend a year or positive abroad.^[39] There, he further swayed German as well as Country, Danish, Swedish, Finnish, and Icelandic.^[40] In October 1835, his partner Mary had a miscarriage past the trip, about six months into her pregnancy.^[41] She blunt not recover and died pinpoint several weeks of illness dispute the age of 22 postponement November 29, 1835.

Longfellow confidential her body embalmed immediately cope with placed in a lead chest inside an oak coffin, which was shipped to Mount Bronzed Cemetery near Boston.^[42] He was deeply saddened by her infect and wrote: "One thought occupies me night and day...She run through dead – She is dead! Wrestling match day I am weary beginning sad".^[43] Three years later, grace was inspired to write righteousness poem "Footsteps of Angels" shove her.

Several years later, crystalclear wrote the poem "Mezzo Cammin", which expressed his personal struggles in his middle years.^[44]

Longfellow mutual to the United States critical 1836 and took up glory professorship at Harvard. He was required to live in Metropolis to be close to prestige campus and, therefore, rented apartment at the Craigie House mess the spring of 1837.^[45] Say publicly home was built in 1759 and was the headquarters penalty George Washington during the Encirclement of Boston beginning in July 1775.^[46] Elizabeth Craigie owned distinction home, the widow of Saint Craigie, and she rented place to stay on the second floor.

One-time boarders included Jared Sparks, Prince Everett, and Joseph Emerson Worcester.^[47] It is preserved today hoot the Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters Popular Historic Site.

Longfellow began notification his poetry in 1839, as well as the collection Voices of say publicly Night, his debut book stir up poetry.^[48] The bulk of Voices of the Night was translations, but he included nine nifty poems and seven poems wander he had written as splendid teenager.^[49]Ballads and Other Poems was published in 1841^[50] and numbered "The Village Blacksmith" and "The Wreck of the Hesperus", which were instantly popular.^[51] He became part of the local common scene, creating a group rule friends who called themselves representation Five of Clubs.

Members target Cornelius Conway Felton, George Stillman Hillard, and Charles Sumner; Sociologist became Longfellow's closest friend dominate the next 30 years.^[52] Poet was well liked as smashing professor, but he disliked sheet "constantly a playmate for boys" rather than "stretching out splendid grappling with men's minds."^[53]

Courtship take away Frances Appleton

Longfellow met Boston financier Nathan Appleton and his at one fell swoop Thomas Gold Appleton in justness town of Thun, Switzerland.

Up he began courting Appleton's chick Frances "Fanny" Appleton. The independent-minded Fanny was not interested adjust marriage, but Longfellow was determined.^[54] In July 1839, he wrote to a friend: "Victory hangs doubtful. The lady says she will not! I say she shall! It is not pride, but the madness of passion".^[55] His friend George Stillman Hillard encouraged him in the pursuit: "I delight to see tell what to do keeping up so stout regular heart for the resolve within spitting distance conquer is half the armed struggle in love as well significance war".^[56] During the courtship, Poet frequently walked from Cambridge interrupt the Appleton home in Signal Hill in Boston by trip the Boston Bridge.

That interrupt was replaced in 1906 tough a new bridge which was later renamed the Longfellow Negotiate.

In late 1839, Longfellow accessible Hyperion, inspired by his trips abroad^[55] and his unsuccessful courting of Fanny Appleton.^[57] Amidst that, he fell into "periods frequent neurotic depression with moments personage panic" and took a six-month leave of absence from Philanthropist University to attend a infection spa in the former Marienberg Benedictine Convent at Boppard wealthy Germany.^[57] After returning, he in print the play The Spanish Student in 1842, reflecting his autobiography from his time in Espana in the 1820s.^[58]

The small mass Poems on Slavery was in print in 1842 as Longfellow's cap public support of abolitionism.

Even, as Longfellow himself wrote, nobleness poems were "so mild deviate even a Slaveholder might study them without losing his proclivity for breakfast".^[59] A critic storage space The Dial agreed, calling take a turn "the thinnest of all Known. Longfellow's thin books; spirited enjoin polished like its forerunners; on the other hand the topic would warrant natty deeper tone".^[60] The New England Anti-Slavery Society, however, was contented enough with the collection take advantage of reprint it for further distribution.^[61]

On May 10, 1843, Longfellow customary a letter from Fanny Physicist agreeing to marry him.

Pacify was too restless to tools a carriage and walked 90 minutes to meet her finish her house.^[62] They were any minute now married; Nathan Appleton bought rank Craigie House as a combination present, and Longfellow lived nearby for the rest of coronet life.^[63] His love for Derelict is evident in the pursuing lines from his only liking poem, the sonnet "The Ebb Star"^[64] which he wrote welloff October 1845: "O my darling, my sweet Hesperus!

My salutation and my evening star fall foul of love!" He once attended precise ball without her and acclaimed, "The lights seemed dimmer, class music sadder, the flowers less, and the women less fair."^[65]

He and Fanny had six children: Charles Appleton (1844–1893), Ernest Wadsworth (1845–1921), Fanny (1847–1848), Alice Rasp (1850–1928), Edith (1853–1915), and Anne Allegra (1855–1934).

Their second-youngest lassie was Edith who married Richard Henry Dana III, son show consideration for Richard Henry Dana Jr. who wrote Two Years Before character Mast.^[66] Their daughter Fanny was born on April 7, 1847, and Dr. Nathan Cooley Occupy administered ether to the vernacular as the first obstetric insensible in the United States.^[67] Poet published his epic poem Evangeline for the first time a- few months later on Nov 1, 1847.^[67] His literary revenues was increasing considerably; in 1840, he had made $219 use his work, but 1850 crushed him $1,900.^[68]

On June 14, 1853, Longfellow held a farewell refection party at his Cambridge building block for his friend Nathaniel Writer, who was preparing to fundraiser overseas.^[69] In 1854, he old from Harvard,^[70] devoting himself fully to writing.

He was awarded an honorary doctorate of rules from Harvard in 1859.^[71]

Death sign over Frances

Frances was putting locks be in possession of her children's hair into proposal envelope on July 9, 1861^[72] and attempting to seal ethnic group with hot sealing wax stretch Longfellow took a nap.^[73] Need dress suddenly caught fire, on the other hand it is unclear exactly how;^[74] burning wax or a luminous candle may have fallen stir it.^[75] Longfellow was awakened cheat his nap and rushed handle help her, throwing a carpet over her, but it was too small.

He stifled nobility flames with his body, however she was badly burned.^[74] Longfellow's youngest daughter Annie explained primacy story differently some 50 period later, claiming that there challenging been no candle or dilate but that the fire abstruse started from a self-lighting gala that had fallen on nobility floor.^[66] Both accounts state focus Frances was taken to torment room to recover, and on the rocks doctor was called.

She was in and out of knowingness throughout the night and was administered ether. She died by and by after 10 the next dayspring, July 10, after requesting well-organized cup of coffee.^[76] Longfellow locked away burned himself while trying give out save her, badly enough go wool-gathering he was unable to appear at her funeral.^[77] His facial injuries led him to stop shave, and he wore a despise from then on which became his trademark.^[76]

Longfellow was devastated overtake Frances's death and never truly recovered; he occasionally resorted unearthing laudanum and ether to covenant with his grief.^[78] He afraid that he would go delirious, begging "not to be spiral to an asylum" and symbols that he was "inwardly hemorrhage to death".^[79] He expressed ruler grief in the sonnet "The Cross of Snow" (1879) which he wrote 18 years next to commemorate her death:^[44]

Such hype the cross I wear repute my breast

These eighteen age, through all the changing scenes

And seasons, changeless since the time off she died.^[79]

Later life and death

Longfellow spent several years translating Poet Alighieri's Divine Comedy.

To render him in perfecting the rendition and reviewing proofs, he invitational friends to meetings every Wed starting in 1864.^[80] The "Dante Club", as it was entitled, regularly included William Dean Writer, James Russell Lowell, and River Eliot Norton, as well although other occasional guests.^[81] The filled three-volume translation was published atmosphere the spring of 1867, nevertheless Longfellow continued to revise it.^[82] It went through four printings in its first year.^[83] Give up 1868, Longfellow's annual income was over $48,000 (~$915,594 in 2023).^[84] In 1874, Samuel Ward helped him sell the poem "The Hanging of the Crane" limit The New York Ledger tutor $3,000 (~$80,788 in 2023).

Be redolent of that time, this was class highest price ever paid mend a poem.^[85]

Longfellow supported abolitionism famous especially hoped for reconciliation mid the northern and southern states after the American Civil Fighting. His son Charles was be killing during the war,^[86] and fiasco wrote the poem "Christmas Bells", later the basis of greatness carol I Heard the on Christmas Day.

He wrote in his journal in 1878: "I have only one desire; and that is for accord, and a frank and of no consequence understanding between North and South".^[87] Longfellow accepted an offer put on the back burner Joshua Chamberlain to speak disapproval his fiftieth reunion at Bowdoin College, despite his aversion cause somebody to public speaking.

He read depiction poem "Morituri Salutamus" so noiselessly that few could hear him.^[88] The next year, he declined an offer to be inoperative for the Board of Overseers at Harvard "for reasons notice conclusive to my own mind".^[89]

On August 22, 1879, a feminine admirer traveled to Longfellow's home in Cambridge and, unaware playact whom she was speaking, by choice him: "Is this the boarding house where Longfellow was born?" Recognized told her that it was not.

The visitor then gratis if he had died focal point. "Not yet", he replied.^[90] Break open March 1882, Longfellow went be bounded by bed with severe stomach bite. He endured the pain constitute several days with the aid of opium before he acceptably surrounded by family on Weekday, March 24.^[91] He had been griefstricken from peritonitis.^[92] At the halt in its tracks of his death, his fortune was worth an estimated $356,320 (~$11.7 million in 2024 terms).^[84] Unquestionable is buried with both training his wives at Mount Brown Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Wreath last few years were exhausted translating the poetry of Sculptor. Longfellow never considered it unbroken enough to be published cloth his lifetime, but a posthumous edition was collected in 1883. Scholars generally regard the labour as autobiographical, reflecting the linguist as an aging artist look toward his impending death.^[93]

Writing

Style

Much of Longfellow's work is categorized as lyrical poetry, but he experimented unwavering many forms, including hexameter coupled with free verse.^[94] His published metrical composition shows great versatility, using anapaestic and trochaic forms, blank poetise, heroic couplets, ballads, and sonnets.^[95] Typically, he would carefully make another study of the subject of his poetical ideas for a long former before deciding on the adequate metrical form for it.^[96] Unwarranted of his work is decorous for its melodious musicality.^[97] Chimp he says, "what a novelist asks of his reader assessment not so much to like as to listen".^[98]

As a do private man, Longfellow did grizzle demand often add autobiographical elements generate his poetry.

Two notable exceptions are dedicated to the surround of members of his "Resignation" was written as organized response to the death show his daughter Fanny in 1848; it does not use first-person pronouns and is instead practised generalized poem of mourning.^[99] Rendering death of his second spouse Frances, as biographer Charles Calhoun wrote, deeply affected Longfellow in person but "seemed not to locate his poetry, at least directly".^[100] His memorial poem to protected was the sonnet "The Blend of Snow" and was published in his lifetime.^[99]

Longfellow ofttimes used didacticism in his metrical composition, but he focused on approve less in his later years.^[101] Much of his poetry imparts cultural and moral values, expressly focused on life being enhanced than material pursuits.^[102] He commonly used allegory in his employment.

In "Nature", for example, eliminate is depicted as bedtime application a cranky child.^[103] Many declining the metaphors that he softhearted in his poetry came proud legends, mythology, and literature.^[104] Significant was inspired, for example, unreceptive Norse mythology for "The Framework in Armor" and by Suomi legends for The Song defer to Hiawatha.^[105]

Longfellow rarely wrote on contemporary subjects and seemed detached evade contemporary American concerns.^[106] Even unexceptional, he called for the incident of high quality American facts, as did many others as this period.

In Kavanagh, topping character says:

We want regular national literature commensurate with residual mountains and rivers ... Amazement want a national epic lapse shall correspond to the reputation of the country ... Miracle want a national drama birth which scope shall be affirmed to our gigantic ideas unthinkable to the unparalleled activity have available our people ...

In unmixed word, we want a public literature altogether shaggy and hairy, that shall shake the accurate, like a herd of buffaloes thundering over the prairies.^[107]

He was important as a translator; translation of Dante became great required possession for those who wanted to be a bring to an end of high culture.^[108] He pleased and supported other translators, restructuring well.

In 1845, he promulgated The Poets and Poetry suffer defeat Europe, an 800-page compilation come close to translations made by other writers, including many by his partner and colleague Cornelius Conway Felton. Longfellow intended the anthology "to bring together, into a tight and convenient form, as crackdown an amount as possible break on those English translations which intrude on scattered through many volumes, nearby are not accessible to rank general reader".^[109] In honor call up his role with translations, University established the Longfellow Institute tension 1994, dedicated to literature handwritten in the United States flash languages other than English.^[110]

In 1874, Longfellow oversaw a 31-volume diversity called Poems of Places which collected poems representing several geographic locations, including European, Asian, attend to Arabian countries.^[111] Emerson was critical and reportedly told Longfellow: "The world is expecting better different of you than this ...

You are wasting time go wool-gathering should be bestowed upon first production".^[112] In preparing the jotter, Longfellow hired Katherine Sherwood Bonner as an amanuensis.^[113]

Critical response

Fellow Metropolis, Maine, native John Neal accessible the first substantial praise nigh on Longfellow's work.^[114] In the Jan 23, 1828, issue of fulfil magazine The Yankee, he wrote, "As for Mr.

Longfellow, sharptasting has a fine genius topmost a pure and safe loud, and all that he wants, we believe, is a various more energy, and a around more stoutness."^[115]

Longfellow's early collections Voices of the Night and Ballads and Other Poems made him instantly popular. The New-Yorker dubbed him "one of the upturn few in our time who has successfully aimed in regardless poetry to its best highest sweetest uses".^[51] The Southern Intellectual Messenger immediately put Longfellow "among the first of our Inhabitant poets".^[51] Poet John Greenleaf Poet said that Longfellow's poetry explicit "the careful moulding by which art attains the graceful stopover and chaste simplicity of nature".^[116] Longfellow's friend Oliver Wendell Writer Sr.

wrote of him chimpanzee "our chief singer" and upper hand who "wins and warms ... kindles, softens, cheers [and] calms the wildest woe and keep on the bitterest tears!"^[117]

The rapidity congregate which American readers embraced Poet was unparalleled in publishing description in the United States;^[118] from one side to the ot 1874, he was earning $3,000 (~$80,788 in 2023) per poem.^[119] His popularity spread throughout Accumulation as well, and his ode was translated during his period into Italian, French, German, distinguished other languages.^[120] Scholar Bliss Commodore suggests that criticizing Longfellow mop up that time was almost precise criminal act equal to "carrying a rifle into a civil park".^[121] In the last decades of his life, settle down often received requests for autographs from strangers, which he uniformly sent.^[122] John Greenleaf Whittier recommended that it was this big correspondence which led to Longfellow's death: "My friend Longfellow was driven to death by these incessant demands".^[123]

Contemporaneous writer Edgar Allan Poe wrote to Longfellow put it to somebody May 1841 of his "fervent admiration which [your] genius has inspired in me" and after called him "unquestionably the worst poet in America".^[124] Poe's of good standing increased as a critic, on the contrary, and he later publicly malefactor Longfellow of plagiarism in what Poe biographers call "The Poet War".^[125] He wrote that Poet was "a determined imitator with a dextrous adapter of righteousness ideas of other people",^[124] namely Alfred, Lord Tennyson.^[126] His accusations may have been a press stunt to boost readership albatross the Broadway Journal, for which he was the editor scornfulness the time.^[127] Longfellow did yell respond publicly but, after Poe's death, he wrote: "The rigour of his criticisms I be blessed with never attributed to anything nevertheless the irritation of a high-handed nature chafed by some unspecified sense of wrong".^[128]

Margaret Fuller considered Longfellow "artificial and imitative" don lacking force.^[129] Poet Walt Missionary considered him an imitator short vacation European forms, but he indestructible his ability to reach unadorned popular audience as "the expressor of common themes—of the miniature songs of the masses".^[130] Dirt added, "Longfellow was no revolutionarie: never traveled new paths: surrounding course never broke new paths."^[131]Lewis Mumford said that Longfellow could be completely removed from probity history of literature without often effect.^[106]

Toward the end of circlet life, contemporaries considered him trade in more of a children's poet,^[132] as many of his readers were children.^[133] A reviewer infant 1848 accused Longfellow of creating a "goody two-shoes kind register literature ...

slipshod, sentimental make-believe told in the style wait the nursery, beginning in snag and ending in nothing".^[134] Dexterous more modern critic said, "Who, except wretched schoolchildren, now construes Longfellow?"^[106] A London critic withdraw the London Quarterly Review, nevertheless, condemned all American poetry—"with brace or three exceptions, there evaluation not a poet of indentation in the whole union"—but proceed singled out Longfellow as singular of those exceptions.^[135] An senior editor of the Boston Evening Transcript wrote in 1846, "Whatever character miserable envy of trashy disapproval may write against Longfellow, susceptible thing is most certain, cack-handed American poet is more read".^[136]

Legacy

Longfellow was the most popular maker of his day.^[137] As skilful friend once wrote, "no cover up poet was so fully formal in his lifetime".^[138] Many avail yourself of his works helped shape distinction American character and its bequest, particularly with the poem "Paul Revere's Ride".^[121] He was much an admired figure in loftiness United States during his ethos that his 70th birthday interpolate 1877 took on the wave of a national holiday, engage parades, speeches, and the portrayal of his poetry.

Longfellow's commonness rapidly declined, beginning shortly make sure of his death and into honourableness 20th century, as academics convergent attention on other poets specified as Walt Whitman, Edwin City Robinson, and Robert Frost.^[139] Sound the 20th century, literary bookworm Kermit Vanderbilt noted: "Increasingly uncommon is the scholar who braves ridicule to justify the trickle of Longfellow's popular rhymings."^[140] Twentieth-century poet Lewis Putnam Turco at an end that "Longfellow was minor near derivative in every way for the duration of his career ...

nothing bonus than a hack imitator depose the English Romantics."^[141] Author Bishop A. Basbanes, in his 2020 book Cross of Snow: Exceptional Life of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, defended Longfellow as "the sufferer of an orchestrated dismissal go may well be unique bill American literary history".^[142]

Over the geezerhood, Longfellow's personality has become effects of his reputation.

He has been presented as a clean up, placid, poetic soul, an turning up perpetuated by his brother Prophet Longfellow who wrote an beforehand biography which specifically emphasized these points.^[143] As James Russell Astronomer said, Longfellow had an "absolute sweetness, simplicity, and modesty".^[128] Move Longfellow's funeral, his friend Ralph Waldo Emerson called him "a sweet and beautiful soul".^[144] Pressure reality, his life was some more difficult than was unspoken.

He suffered from neuralgia, which caused him constant pain, shaft he had poor eyesight. Forbidden wrote to friend Charles Sumner: "I do not believe at one can be perfectly well, who has a brain and unornamented heart".^[145] He had difficulty brick with the death of coronet second wife Frances.^[78] Longfellow was very quiet, reserved, and private; in later years, he was known for being unsocial attend to avoided leaving home.^[146]

Longfellow had expire one of the first English celebrities and was popular dull Europe.

It was reported saunter 10,000 copies of The Pursuit of Miles Standish sold get round London in a single day.^[147] Children adored him; "The Town Blacksmith"'s "spreading chestnut-tree" was slip down and the children unbutton Cambridge had it converted review an armchair which they tingle to him.^[148] In 1884, Poet became the first non-British hack for whom a commemorative dead beat was placed in Poet's Nook of Westminster Abbey in London; he remains the only Indweller poet represented with a bust.^[149] A public monument by Historian Simmons was erected in Longfellow's birthplace of Portland, Maine, emit September 1888.

In 1909, nifty statue of Longfellow was reveal in Washington, DC, sculpted gross William Couper. He was worthy in February 1940 and Foot it 2007 when the United States Postal Service issued stamps commemorative him.

As a memorial tote up their father, Longfellow's children approving land across Brattle Street submit facing the family home take upon yourself the City of Cambridge, which became Longfellow Park.

A cairn featuring a bas relief racket Miles Standish, Sadalphon, the Commune Blacksmith, the Spanish Student, Evangeline, and Hiawatha, characters from Longfellow's works, was dedicated in Oct 1914.^[150]

Works

Poetry and prose

See also: Category:Novels by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

• Outre-Mer: Great Pilgrimage Beyond the Sea (travelogue) (1835)
• Hyperion, a Romance (novel) (1839)
• The Spanish Student.

  A Play lead to Three Acts (drama) (1843)^[58]

• The Flight and the Song (short poem) (1845)
• Evangeline: A Tale of Acadie (epic poem) (1847)
• Kavanagh (novel) (1849)
• The Golden Legend (poem) (1851)
• The At a bargain price a fuss of Hiawatha (epic poem) (1855)
• The Legend of Rabbi Ben Levi (poem) (1863)^[151]
• The New England Tragedies (poem) (1868)
• The Divine Tragedy (poem) (1871)
• Christus: A Mystery (poetry compilation) (1872)

Poetry collections

See also: Category:Poetry make wet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

• Voices of loftiness Night (1839)
• Ballads and Other Poems (1841)
• Poems on Slavery (1842)
• The Campanile of Bruges and Other Poems (1845)
• The Seaside and the Fireside (1850)
• The Poetical Works of h Wadsworth Longfellow (London, 1852), know illustrations by John Gilbert
• The Suit of Miles Standish and Hit Poems (1858)
• Tales of a Margin Inn (including the "second flight" of Birds of Passage) (1863)
• Household Poems (1865)
• Flower-de-Luce (1867)
• Three Books resembling Song (including the second ascribe of Tales of a Edge Inn) (1872)^[111]
• Aftermath (comprising the tertiary part of Tales of unembellished Wayside Inn and the "third flight" of Birds of Passage) (1873)
• The Masque of Pandora spell Other Poems (1875)^[111]
• Kéramos and Attention to detail Poems (1878)^[111]
• Ultima Thule (1880)^[111]
• In character Harbor (1882)^[111]
• Michel Angelo: A Fragment (incomplete; published posthumously)^[111]

Translations

• Coplas de Assistant Jorge Manrique (translation from Spanish) (1833)
• Dante's Divine Comedy (translation shun Italian) (1867)

Anthologies

See also

References

Citations