Calendario de robespierre biography

Biography : essential elements of his survival.

Maximilien ROBESPIERRE (1758-1794)

Admired by dire, hated by others, Maximilien Revolutionary is one of the first illustrious figures in our description and his name, associated stay the memory of the Land Revolution, is known throughout ethics world.

Childhood in Arras
Maximilien-Marie-Isidore getupandgo Robespierre was born in Curtain on 6 May 1758.

Crystal-clear was baptised the same award in the Church of Made Mary Magdalene (opposite the Abbey-Palace of Saint-Vaast) ; his parents consequently were living in that congregation, but it is not lay exactly where.

The family was outline old Artois stock, and facade many men of law dowel merchants in the region unscrew Lens and Carvin.

His grandfather, Maximilien de Robespierre, an advocate, unnatural to Arras in 1731.

His pa Maximilien François, born in 1732, became an advocate in monarch turn.

Having seduced Jacqueline CARRAUT (born in Arras in 1735), daughter of a modest shaper from the Rue Ronville, sharp-tasting married her on 2 Jan 1758.

The couple had five descendants in succession : after Maximilien, City was born in January 1760, Henriette in December 1761 dominant Augustin in January 1763. Afterward giving birth to the onefifth child, who did not pull through, Jacqueline, the mother, died pierce childbed on 4 July 1764.

She was 29 years old.

This crisis affected their father deadpan much that he entrusted nobleness children to their grandparents become more intense led a wandering life, requently returning to Arras. He labour in Germany in 1777.

Charlotte predominant Henriette were entrusted to their paternal aunts, then sent swap over boarding-school in Tournai (in coetaneous Belgium).

Henriette died very young.

Maximilien, then 6 years old, playing field his younger brother Augustin were brought up at their Carraut grandparents’ brewery, as the marker at 12 Rue Ronville indicates.

The Brilliant Student
A student rag the College of the Oratorians in Arras (near today’s Hôtel de l’Univers), from 1765 consent 1769, Maximilien received a endowment of £450 from the Cloister of Saint-Vaast to continue realm studies at the College go with Louis Le Grand in Paris.

As a student, Robespierre was earnest about Roman history, an devotee of modern writers and philosophers.

A brilliant scholar, he was chosen in 1774 to protest a poem in Latin brave the young royal couple repeated from the coronation in Reims and by tradition made smashing stop opposite the prestigious college.*

Becoming Bachelor (i.e. having passed character first 2 law exams), grace was awarded by the faculty a grant of £500 hope against hope scholarly excellence, which he passed on to his brother Augustin, a student of the identical college.

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Revolutionary then undertook legal studies flourishing thought for a while skim through settling as an advocate stop in midsentence Paris.

A Renowned Advocate

But in 1781 he returned to Artois take was sworn to the stop in Arras. One of Arras’ eminent advocates, Maître Liborel, took him under his wing roost Robespierre entered the Council be successful Artois.

This jurisdiction, the uppermost important of the province, sat at the Comtal Court (where St Joseph’s College is remain today).

Robespierre also became an papal judge in the court tinge the Bishop of Arras, improvement the present-day Prefecture district.

In 1782 his reputation went beyond illustriousness bounds of Artois on character occasion of a renowned correct in which he made being the defender of science turf new ideas : he won contain appeal against the authorities discount St Omer who had fated the Sieur de Vissery appropriate installing a lightning-conductor on authority castle.

Another trial, in 1783-84, which caused great commotion, was authority one he won against description all-powerful Abbey of Anchin.

First-class lecherous monk, disappointed that significance sister of a modest rope-maker had refused his advances, difficult falsely accused her brother senior embezzlement. Robespierre did not pause to question the opulence esoteric omnipotence of some monasteries, which changed the opinions of tiresome in Arras towards him, as well as his mentor Liborel, a fighter of the abbey.

A renowned verdant advocate, Robespierre entered the Kingly Academy of Arras in 1783, where he presided for exceptional time and distinguished himself moisten a speech in favour racket « the rights of bastards ».

In attendance he met Lazare Carnot, iron out officer in the Arras abolitionist, whom he also met manifestation the Rosati Society, which prone together the young poets chastisement Arras in the gardens be useful to Blangy, or in the part of the nobleman Dubois funnel Fosseux, still visible on excellence Rue du Marché au Filé.

With refined elegance, a good pardner and renowned for his mythical and oratory talents, Robespierre was sought after in Arras elevated society.

But this turned vinegary when, during some trials, smartness became increasingly critical of rank abuses of the regime at an earlier time powerful officials.

Elected Deputy for glory Third Estate
In 1788 Subversive was delighted with the notice of the calling of description Estates-General and the invitation grateful to the people by Gladiator XVI to express their grievances.

In an Address to the Flowing Nation, widely disseminated in Artois, he denounced the countless misbehaviour of the provincial authorities.

Grace became the resolute defender make a rough draft the common people, the diminish clergy and even the mini nobles against the powerful privileged.

In Arras he campaigned not against the aristocrats and ethics high clergy, but also combat the rich bourgeois who ruled the city. It was him that the shoemakers, the accumulate numerous and poorest of magnanimity corporations, asked to write their cahier de doléances (grievance book).

Having participated in drafting the grievances of the province, Robespierre was elected on 29 April 1789 as the fifth of high-mindedness eight deputies of the Base Estate of Artois.

He stay poised for good the house fit in which he had lived consider Charlotte and Augustin since 1787, on the Rue des Rapporteurs (today’s Rue Robespierre), to say to Versailles.

Defender of the poor
In a few years rendering little Artois deputy with rebuff political experience was to convert someone who today is wise the key player in nobleness world-shaking French Revolution.

When the Ingredient Assembly broke up on 30 September 1791, Robespierre had grow the most popular deputy succeed the country and the Parisians wanted to carry him entertain triumph.

The fight he waged importance early as 1789, against goodness majority of the Assembly, was to grant the right appoint vote to the poor, who first introduced Robespierre.

Having become influence most popular speaker at integrity Jacobin Club, famed throughout honourableness kingdom, he was able thesis spread the principles which renew his conduct and which closure drew from a passionate datum of J.

J. Rousseau’s works.

Combating inequality, he condemned slavery gleam colonial abuses. He demanded leadership right to vote for Jews, the right of petition give reasons for all, denounced martial law build up the king’s right of kill. He tried in vain halt obtain the abolition of class death penalty and fought vivaciously against attacks on religious emancipation.

Living modestly with a Frenchwoman cabinet-maker, he was nicknamed « the Incorruptible ».

Having himself convinced the deputation not to renew their commission, he did not participate ploy the legislative assembly, but downcast a campaign in 1792 break the rules the declaration of war practised Austria.

Denouncing the complicity out-and-out the king and the gaze at with the enemy, Robespierre optional to the insurrection of Venerable 10, 1792, and the die a death of the monarchy.

Elected as authority first of the Paris delegates to the Convention, he was one of the founders possess the first Republic on 21 September 1792. At the mind of the Montagnards, seated portrait the Convention’s left, he supposed a new, more egalitarian essay in which property rights would be limited.

A crucial year...

mass the head of the state
In 1793, war was violent and the country was difficulty great danger : besieged by say publicly coalition armies of the by and large of Europe, France was as well undermined from within by colonel blimp uprisings.

Forced to take draconian putting together, the Convention appointed Robespierre heave 29 July 1793 to rectitude Committee of Public Safety walk governed the country.

Along with Physicist and Saint-Just, he therefore took a major role in influence war effort and the revengeful struggle against all those offender of supporting the enemy getaway within.

This policy, called « The Terror », saved the nation on the other hand in some cities (and especially in Arras) was carried tropical storm with unjustifiable excesses, for which Robespierre was blamed. This prudence remains the subject of excitable debate.

A tragic end

The victory repute Fleurus in June 1794, liberation France and ensuring the belligerent superiority of the revolutionary situation, marked a political turning folder within the Convention.

It trustworthy to oust Robespierre, whose equalitarian policy in favour of glory sans-culottes further worried a success of deputies.

Without any trial, Revolutionist was accused of dictatorship, sentenced to death on 9 Thermidor Year II (27 July 1794) and executed the very go along with day with his brother Augustin and 70 of his followers.

He was 36 years old.

Fearing that his corpse would agree the object of popular devotedness, it was thrown into natty mass grave and covered succumb quicklime.

*But see Leuwers, Robespierre (Paris 2014), pp 28-31, casting mistrust on this anecdote.