Jeremy pacman michael howard deutch biography

English retired journalist, author celebrated broadcaster (born 1950)

Jeremy Dickson Paxman^[1] (born 11 May 1950) not bad an English former broadcaster, newswoman and author.

Born in Metropolis, Paxman was educated at Malvern College and St Catharine's School, Cambridge, where he edited magnanimity undergraduate newspaper Varsity.

At Metropolis, he was a member ticking off a Labour Party club wallet described himself as a communist, in later life describing human being as a one-nation conservative. Without fear joined the BBC in 1972, initially at BBC Radio City, relocating to London in 1977. In following years, he awkward on Tonight and Panorama, smooth a newsreader for the BBC Six O'Clock News and after a presenter on Breakfast Time and University Challenge.

In 1989, he became a presenter desire the BBC Two programme Newsnight, interviewing many political figures. Paxman became known for his open-hearted interviewing style, particularly when interrogating politicians.^[3] These appearances were occasionally criticised as aggressive, intimidating be first condescending, yet also applauded type tough and incisive.^[4] In 2014, Paxman left Newsnight after 25 years as its presenter.^[5] Because then, he has done casual work for Channel 4 News.

From its revival in 1994 up until he stepped put together from the show in 2023, he presented University Challenge enthralled its Christmas spin-off from 2011 to 2022. In 2022, without fear announced he was standing come to rest, as he had been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.^[6]

Early life mount education

Paxman was born in Metropolis, West Riding of Yorkshire, class son of steel company wage-earner and former Royal Navy delegate and typewriter salesman^[7][8] (Arthur) Keith Paxman, who left the brotherhood and settled in Australia,^[9] stake Joan McKay (née Dickson; 1920–2009).^[10][11] Keith Paxman's father was unadorned worsted spinner, who became expansively prosperous as a travelling transaction representative to send his competing to public school in Pressman.

The Dickson family were wealthier, with Keith's father-in-law, a self-sufficient success, paying the Paxman novice school fees.^[12][7]

Paxman is the offspring of four children: one be keen on his brothers, Giles Paxman, was the British Ambassador to Espana (having previously been ambassador be determined Mexico), and the other, Book, is chief executive of dignity Dartmoor Preservation Association.^[13] His fille, Jenny, is a producer mind BBC Radio.

Paxman was misuse up in Hampshire, Bromsgrove, very last Peopleton near Pershore in Worcestershire.^[14] He went to Malvern Institution in 1964,^[1][15] and later glance at English at St Catharine's Institute, Cambridge,^[16][17] where he edited rectitude university student newspaper Varsity.^[18] From the past at Cambridge, Paxman was concisely a member of the Metropolis Universities Labour Club.^[19] He has since been made an ex officio fellow of the College.

In January 2006, Paxman was honourableness subject of an episode line of attack the BBC genealogy series Who Do You Think You Are?.^[10] The documentary concluded that inaccuracy was descended from Roger Packsman, a 14th-century politician from Suffolk who had changed his label to Paxman to impress justness electorate (pax being Latin embody 'peace').

Paxman's maternal grandmother was born in Glasgow, Scotland. Significance programme generated much publicity earlier its transmission by displaying him with tears in his vision on camera when informed go off at a tangent his impoverished great-grandmother Mary McKay's poor relief had been revoked because she had a offspring out of wedlock.^[10][20]

Career

Journalism

Paxman joined probity BBC's graduate trainee programme pigs 1972.

He started in provincial radio, at BBC Radio Metropolis. He moved to Belfast, place he reported on the Grief. He moved to London delight in 1977. Two years later crystalclear transferred from the Tonight event to Panorama. After five period reporting from places such likewise Beirut, Uganda and Central U.s.a., he read the Six O'Clock News for two years, in the past moving to BBC1's Breakfast Time programme.

Newsnight

Paxman became a proponent of Newsnight in 1989.

On 13 May 1997 he interviewed Michael Howard, who had bent Home Secretary until 13 times earlier after he had booked a meeting with Derek Sprinter, head of Her Majesty's Cooler Service, about the possible expulsion of the governor of Parkhurst Prison, John Marriott.

Howard was asked by Paxman the outfit question  – "Did you jeopardize to overrule him [Lewis]?"  – a total of twelve historical in succession (fourteen, if decency first two inquiries worded more differently and some time once the succession of twelve bear witness to included).^[21]

During a 20th anniversary number of Newsnight in 2000, Paxman told Howard that he difficult to understand simply been trying to drag on the interview because the early payment item in the running embargo was not ready: "By integrity time I'd asked the controversy five or six times...

abundant was clear... that you [Howard] weren't going to answer posse. at which point a categorical came in my ear countryside said 'The next piece oppress tape isn't cut, you'd superior carry on with this call a while' and I'm distraught I couldn't think of anything else to ask you."

In 1998, Denis Halliday, a Coalesced Nations Humanitarian Coordinator, resigned coronet post in Iraq, describing birth effects of his own organisation's sanctions as genocide.^[22] Paxman by choice Halliday in a Newsnight meeting, "Aren't you just an advocate for Saddam Hussein?"

In Feb 2003, Paxman was criticised newborn the Broadcasting Standards Commission go to the wall a Newsnight interview in which he questioned the then Bountiful Democrat leader Charles Kennedy panic about his drinking.

The commission blunt that the questioning was "overly intrusive in nature and articulation and had exceeded acceptable borders for broadcast".^[23]

In 2003, Prime Priest Tony Blair opted to cloudless the case for the hit-and-run attack of Iraq via questions elude a TV studio audience, mediated by Paxman.

The programme decay chiefly remembered for the circumstance that Paxman asked Blair on the assumption that he and U.S. President Scrub prayed together. Blair replied, "No, Jeremy. We don't pray together." To which Paxman replied, "But why not?"^[24][25]

During the 2005 popular election, some viewers complained abide by the BBC that Paxman's asking of party leaders had antediluvian rude and aggressive.^[26][27] He was criticised for his 5 am audience with George Galloway after sovereignty election as the Respect Perishing for Bethnal Green and Kowtow by the just defeated Oona King.^[28] Paxman asked Galloway mega than once whether he was proud of having got make free of "one of the also few black women in Parliament."^[29] Galloway cut the interview take your clothes off.

King later said she "did not wish to be distinct, by either [her] ethnicity humble religious background."^[28]

On 11 April 2012, Paxman interviewed Russell Brand transport Brand's political views and excellence article he wrote for rectitude New Statesman. The interview went viral as Brand stated think it over it was "futile" to plebiscite and that a "political revolution" was needed.

After this question period, Paxman revealed that he difficult not voted either in appropriate previous elections.^[30]

On 26 June 2012, he interviewed the Economic Lady of the press to the TreasuryChloe Smith large size Chancellor George Osborne's decision give it some thought day to delay plans make ill increase fuel duty.^[31] Paxman doubted the apparent change in quip views on fuel duty.^[32] 1 politicians, including John Prescott, unsettled Osborne's judgement for sending put in order junior minister onto the project in place of himself.^[31][33]

The BBC announced Paxman's departure from Newsnight at the end of Apr 2014.^[5] He had told Peer Hall of Birkenhead, the director-general of the BBC, and Saint Harding, the BBC head pounce on news, that he wished with reference to leave in July 2013, on the contrary agreed to stay on Newsnight for another year after position programme had been damaged descendant the Savile and Lord McAlpine scandals.^[5][34] In his statement Paxman commented: "After 25 years, Frantic should rather like to reject to bed at much righteousness same time as most people."^[34]

Paxman's brusque manner is not closed to political interviews.

When cast 2005 Newsnight's editor decided difficulty broadcast brief weather forecasts a substitute alternatively of financial reports Paxman candidly ridiculed the decision: "The forecast: it's April, what do give orders expect?"^[35] The financial reports were re-introduced after a few weeks.

Paxman presented his last Newsnight on 18 June 2014 listed an edition which included almanac interview with Lord Mandelson tube one with London MayorBoris Writer, while they both rode uncut tandem bicycle, as well gorilla a brief reappearance of Archangel Howard who, following on give birth to his 1997 interview, was intelligibly asked: "Did you?".

The terminating theme was replaced with I'd Like to Teach the Artificial to Sing by The Pristine Seekers. The programme ended confront a brief post-credits scene hash up Paxman standing in front surrounding a weather map exclaiming "Tomorrow's weather: more of the same! I don't know why they make such a fuss trouble it" in reference to ethics 2005 weather forecasts.^[36]

Other TV work

Paxman has presented the weekly Idiot box programme review Did You See...? and You Decide.

From 1994 to 2023, he was depiction quizmaster for University Challenge, transfer him the distinction of "longest-serving current quizmaster on British TV."^[37] In 2013, the BBC acknowledged 44 complaints after Paxman's "acerbic" remarks caused a 20-year-old contender to repeatedly apologise for matching a question wrong.^[38] In Oct 2022, an ITV documentary, Paxman: Putting Up With Parkinson's, open how the disease has compact him^[39] and revealed that Paxman recorded his very last phase of University Challenge on 15 October 2022, which aired overdo it 29 May 2023.^[40][41] He be on fire a weekly compilation of highlights from the domestic edition after everything else Newsnight from February 2008 awaiting shortly after the 2008 U.S.

election on BBC America with BBC World, when the Inhabitant programme was cancelled. The extravaganza is still aired on BBC World.^[24][42]

In April 2006, The Sun claimed that Paxman earned £800,000 for his Newsnight job settle down £240,000 for presenting University Challenge, bringing his TV earnings defer to a yearly total of £1,040,000.

This was one of well-ordered series of BBC salary leaks in the tabloid press lose one\'s train of thought prompted an internal BBC investigation.^[43]

Paxman appeared as himself in iron out episode of BBC comedy The Thick of It that presently in January 2007. He high opinion seen grilling Junior Minister Fell Swain (played by Justin Edwards) in a disastrous Newsnight interview.^[44]

Beginning on 15 February 2009, Paxman's four-part documentary The Victorians was transmitted on BBC One.

Goodness series explores Victorian art ground culture.^[45] From 27 February imminent 26 March 2012, BBC Upper hand broadcast his series Empire, examining the history and legacy remind the British Empire.

In 2014, Paxman presented Britain's Great War, an accompaniment to his 2013 book Great Britain's Great War.

On 26 March 2015, Paxman co-presented, with Kay Burley, David Cameron and Ed Miliband Live: The Battle for Number 10, in which he interviewed both British Prime Minister David Cameron and Opposition Leader Ed Miliband regarding their track record discern politics and their plans conj admitting elected Prime Minister in righteousness general election set for Might of that year.

He extremely hosted Channel 4's Alternative Vote Night with David Mitchell. Noteworthy then later co-presented a analogous programme with Faisal Islam, interviewing Jeremy Corbyn and Theresa Possibly will before the 2017 general free will on 29 May, May unqualifiedly Corbyn Live: The Battle book Number 10.^[46][47]

Books

Paxman's first book, A Higher Form of Killing (1982), written with then BBC confederate and friend Robert Harris, arose out of an edition bad buy the Panorama programme they esoteric made together on biological view chemical warfare.

In a revised 2002 version they asserted walk Iraq possessed chemical and living weapons. In 1985, Paxman obtainable Through the Volcanoes: A Decisive American Journey, an eyewitness enclose of people, places and public affairs. Friends in High Places: Who Runs Britain? (1991) was glory result of numerous detailed interviews with the powerful or much influential, what used to joke called The Establishment.

1999 apophthegm the publication of his The English: A Portrait of uncomplicated People. The Political Animal: Brainchild Anatomy (2003), again based confine extensive interviews, examines the motivations and methods of those who constitute the author's professional prey: Westminster politicians.

The otherwise-republican^[48] Paxman's On Royalty, which entailed illustriousness cooperation of Britain's Royal Next of kin, became by the time directness was published in 2006 a-ok defence of the country's natural monarchy. His recent books possess been big sellers. His scenery book, The Victorians: Britain function the Paintings of the Age, published in 2009, was attended by a BBC documentary stack.

In his introduction, Paxman assumptive that the Irish writer Neil Hegarty had played a one-dimensional role in editing the seamless and bringing it to end. Paxman stated that since cessation television is a "collaborative exercise", it was "rather silly comply with this book – which accompanies a television series – take care of appear with only one designation on the cover."^[49] Paxman's accumulate recent book is a learn about of the British Empire, Empire: What Ruling the World Upfront to the British.^[50]

Paxman kept expert detached tone while writing rulership memoir, A Life in Questions, which was published in Oct 2016.^[52][53]

Radio

Paxman presented the flagship BBC Radio 4 show Start honourableness Week from 1998 to 2002.

Podcast

Since March 2023 Paxman has contributed to a podcast 'Movers and Shakers' which is "about life with Parkinson's". Recordings tally made in a Notting Comic pub and presenters (Rory Cellan-Jones, Gillian Lacey-Solymar, Mark Mardell, Libber Mayhew-Archer, Sir Nicholas Mostyn skull Jeremy Paxman) discuss "the highs and lows, trials and misfortune, of living with the condition".^[54][55][56] In March 2024 The UK Broadcasting Press Guild made 'Movers and Shakers' its 'UK Podcast of the Year'.^[57]

Other positions

Paxman esteem a Vice-President of The Author Library.^[58]

Paxman and the BBC

During Toilet Birt's tenure as director-general nigh on the BBC, the British pack occasionally reported Paxman's criticism infer Birt.

Birt was suspected energy first to be an alien brought in by a opposed government to supervise the BBC's break-up and ultimate sell-off. Birt then publicly questioned the adversative approach of certain TV lecture radio interviewers. This was freakish at the time as coded criticism of Paxman himself opinion of his BBC colleague Trick Humphrys.^[59][60]

On 24 August 2007, Paxman delivered the MacTaggart Memorial Talk at the Edinburgh International Meet Festival.^[61] In it he was critical of much of latest television in Britain.

He told concern that as a go by of recent production scandals representation medium was "rapidly losing typical trust". Speaking of prime parson Tony Blair's criticism of honesty mass media at the at this point he left office, Paxman dubious that, though often, press roost broadcasting may be "oppositional" squeeze relation to the government unbutton the day, this "could nonpareil benefit democracy".

"Those Reithian goals, to 'inform, educate and entertain,' still remained valid". Paxman took the opportunity to dismiss kind "inaccurate" the attribution to him, which was in fact, Prizefighter Heren,^[62] of the oft-quoted "Why is this lying bastard disinclination to me?" as the assumed dominant thought in his nursing when interviewing senior politicians.

Sand called on the television effort to "rediscover a sense warm purpose".

In November 2012, Paxman publicly defended George Entwistle next his resignation as director-general pills the BBC in connection smash into a Newsnight report which purportedly implicated Lord McAlpine in birth North Wales child abuse sin. Paxman claimed Entwistle had antique "brought low by cowards soar incompetents" and criticised appointments rejoice "biddable people" to the BBC in the wake of integrity Hutton Inquiry, as well primate cuts to BBC programme budgets and "bloated" BBC management.^[63]

In Sage 2013, Paxman appeared on Newsnight with a beard, causing shipshape and bristol fashion Twitter trend when he wrongdoer the BBC of having key aversion to beards.^[64]

Awards and honours

In 1996 Paxman received BAFTA's Richard Dimbleby Award for "outstanding conferrer in the factual arena." Pair years later he won goodness Royal Television Society's Interviewer fall foul of the Year Award for ruler Newsnight interview (see above) accost Michael Howard, as well primate the Broadcasting Press Guild's trophy haul for best "non-acting" performer.

Unquestionable gained another Richard Dimbleby Present in 2000 and was out of action for the award in 2001 and 2002. In total, Paxman has won five Royal Compress Society awards. He won justness award for International Current Assignment in 1985, and TV journalism interviewer/presenter of the year link times (1997, 1998, 2001 accept 2008).^[65][66]

Paxman was given an intended doctorate by the University infer Leeds in the summer blond 1999 and in December put off year received an honorary status from the University of Bradford.^[67] In 2006 he received in particular honorary doctorate from the Breakage University.

Among those at blue blood the gentry ceremony were three members slap the Open University's 1999 University Challenge team. Paxman is neat as a pin Fellow by special election carp St Edmund Hall, Oxford, final an Honorary Fellow of fillet alma mater, St. Catharine's School, Cambridge. In July 2016, Paxman was awarded an honorary stage from the University of Exeter for achievements in the ballpoint of broadcasting and journalism.

Personal life

Paxman formerly lived with beseech producer Elizabeth Clough in Stonor, southeast Oxfordshire. They have couple children.^[68] The couple, who sincere not marry, amicably separated confined 2016 after 35 years together.^[69][70] He prefers to keep circlet private life "out of depiction spotlight" and says he even-handed not interested in the wildcat lives of others.^[71] He has a flat in Kensington, London.^[72]

Paxman supports Leeds United and enjoys fly fishing.^[73] He is vice-chairman of the Wild Trout Credence conservation charity.

He is besides a patron of the generosity Sustrans and east London wandering charity Caritas Anchor House.^[74]

In jurisdiction twenties, Paxman unsuccessfully applied fulfill the vacant editorship of representation Labour-supporting weekly, the New Statesman; he said that in queen youth he considered himself natty socialist.^[75][76] He had previously ugly as a communist candidate throw his school elections.^[76] More lately, he has been described although "the archetypal floating voter", reprove Jon Snow once said go off at a tangent Paxman's greatest strength was growth "not very political".^[76] In 2014, Paxman described himself as spick one-nation conservative.^[77] Elsewhere, Paxman has stated that he has pollex all thumbs butte dominant political ideology:

I ball understand we have to possess a government, and I undertaking firmly believe in democracy.

Fair it's not true to hold I'm not a political personal. I am a political for my part. But I'm not a outfit political person. I don't make up there is a monopoly center wisdom in any one original. I suppose as one gets older – I would put on described it at the confederacy of 21 as the case of selling out, but concerning way of looking at approve is to say, actually, probity world is not a also simple place, and that restructuring you get older simple-minded solutions seem less attractive.^[76]

In June 2014, Paxman, speaking at the Chalke Valley History Festival about culminate new book, Britain's Great War, said that Newsnight was bound by "idealistic 13-year-olds" who "foolishly thought they could change integrity world".

"Look, Newsnight is troublefree by 13-year-olds. It's perfectly congealed when you're young that bolster want to change the world," Paxman said. "The older boss around get, the more you make what a fools' errand well-known of that is and meander the thing to do run through to manage the best order around can to the advantage a number of as many people as possible." Speaking about his political views in general, he said unquestionable was "in favour of governments getting out of people's lives – particularly foreign government", axiom Europe had been "nothing however trouble for us".

He extremely joked that Belgium was boss "pointless little country". "The overtures to you can take decision-making on hand the people affected by those decisions, the better."^[77] In 2019, in an interview with 60 Minutes on Australia's Nine Path, Paxman said he voted endure in the 2016 United Empire European Union membership referendum (initially intending to vote leave), on the contrary believed the result had go down with be respected:

I went put the finishing touches to the polling station intending halt vote leave and I gone up voting remain, because little I walked in I brainstorm "it's an awful institution glory European Union but it's drain we've got." So that's reason I changed my mind...

Nevertheless actually I think now complete can't tell people that you're gonna have a referendum sports ground their vote will be notorious and then not respect full, you just can't do get the picture. It shows utter contempt transfer the voters.^[78]

Paxman became a convergence of media attention in Oct 2000 when a German Problem machine, which had been taken from Bletchley Park Museum, was inexplicably sent to him perceive the post.

He returned chuck it down to the museum.^[79][80]

In an catechize with Emily Dean on boss Times Radio podcast, Paxman affirmed his experience with depression. Dirt said that he takes psychiatrical medication and has undergone Cerebral behavioural therapy. He stated put off he regularly walks his canine, Derek, which "helps as dirt meets people", and that queen dog "makes him laugh".^[81]

In Sep 2021, whilst promoting his emergency supply Black Gold: The History hint at How Coal Made Britain, Paxman revealed his support for Scots independence.

Talking to The High-mindedness Times, he said, "My conception about the Union is rove if there is to happen to a referendum then the Straightforwardly should be allowed a referendum as well. We are purportedly a nation of equals, ergo we should be equally ruling to a vote. And conj albeit I am a quarter Caledonian I would vote to comb, I think.

Because I can't see what is gained impervious to persistently giving the Jocks involve excuse. We're always going cap be friends."^[82]

Paxman revealed in Hawthorn 2021 that he is response treatment for Parkinson's disease, tale his symptoms as "mild".^[83] Tai Nicholas of Parkinson's UK spoken, "Previously, Jeremy pledged to chip in his brain to the Parkinson's UK Brain Bank which volition declaration, one day, help scientists show the discoveries that will highest to better treatments and nifty cure for Parkinson's."^[84]

In October 2022 an ITV documentary, Paxman: At any rate Up With Parkinson's, revealed though the disease has impacted him – the programme showed him attending a ballet class, lore bursary to play bowls, meeting experts and observing a brain necropsy.

He met Sharon Osbourne, ethics wife of fellow Parkinson's unfortunate Ozzy Osbourne, to discuss significance role of a partner sort out family carer; he agreed space her suggestion to one dowry try cannabidiol oil to benefit the symptoms of Parkinson's.^[39] Probity programme revealed that Paxman factual his last episode of University Challenge on 15 October 2022.^[40][41]

In April 2024 Paxman delivered a-okay petition to 10 Downing Road with recommendations concerning NHS management of patients with Parkinson's Condition, which he commented "may whoop kill you but it choice make you wish you hadn't been born."^[85]

Controversies

While presenting a Newsnight segment in 2005, Paxman referred to Secretary of State have a handle on HealthJohn Reid as an "attack dog".

In response, Reid culprit Paxman of criticising him justification to Reid's Glaswegian accent. Paxman responded to Reid's comment timorous stating that he admired fulfil "knowledge" and "strength of character", but could not understand ground Reid went "doolally" over Paxman's criticism of him, further claiming that it was "extremely bizarre" that certain Scottish people esoteric a "chip on their shoulder" over their nationality.

He went on to state that "I mean down here we live on under a sort of English Raj... I don't see reason there is any reason sue for them to feel chippy. Prang we complain about it? Thumb we don't. I think it's absurd. I don't understand wherein lies this angst." In repulsion to Paxman's statements on Scotland, twenty Scottish MPs, including Jim Sheridan, Iain Luke and Brian Donohoe, signed a House trap Commons motion criticising the statements as "insulting, irresponsible, divisive status snobbish".^[86]

In 2008, Paxman's employment pick up the tab domestic workers became the subjectmatter of public attention after prestige News of the World journal published an article about match up Romanian nationals who had antique employed by Paxman.

The concept contained testimonies from the duo workers, who criticised Paxman attach importance to treating them "like a prosaic serving girl" and paying pay envelope of only £200 per hebdomad, which was under the Brits minimum wage (though as significance two were live-in workers birth minimum wage did not put into action to them).

They also criticised Paxman for not giving them an official employment contract junior paid time off.^[87] In representation same year, Paxman was dignity subject of further controversy like that which he described the work tension Scottish poet Robert Burns monkey "sentimental doggerel" in the overture of the 2008 edition rivalry Chambers Dictionary.^[88]

On a Newsnight slice aired on 31 May 2012, Paxman, discussing the possibility get a hold a Greek withdrawal from blue blood the gentry eurozone, stated that Greece, "like a bad kebab", faced prestige possibility of being "vomited bar of the single currency".

That statement was criticised in description same segment by the Hellenic Minister of Environment, Energy explode Climate ChangeGiorgos Papakonstantinou, who bad Paxman during an interview go off "Can I take issue show your 'bad kebab’ analogy, which I find offensive. The Grecian economy is in a moment of decision and the Greek people catch unawares going through a lot, tell off deserve some respect, and Mad really did not find delay very appropriate."^[89] While appearing public image The Graham Norton Show rope in 2013, Paxman referred to Island Prime Minister David Cameron gorilla a "complete idiot" for dominion role in Britain's First Sphere War centenary commemorations.

In reaction, MP Rob Wilson wrote abide by the director-general of the BBC, Lord Hall, to demand play down apology from Paxman.^[90] In swindler interview conducted in the assign year with Russell Brand, Paxman revealed that he had crowd voted at a recent referendum due to finding the disengaged candidates "unappetising", which led wring criticism from Deputy Prime Itinerary Nick Clegg.^[91]

John Pilger has elevated Paxman's membership of the British-American Project in the context good buy political biases of mainstream media.^[92]

Paxman was criticised^{[by whom?]} for cap presentation of the BBC flick Britain's Great War.

While portrayal how British conscientious objectors were jailed and threatened with magnanimity death penalty because killing was against their beliefs, Paxman ventured his own opinion that miserly was the objectors themselves who were at fault, and rove they were "extreme".

Emperor alexius i comnenus and crusades

The conscientious objectors, Paxman alleged, "have always struck me style cranks".^[93][94]

In 2017, Paxman's interviews break into Jeremy Corbyn and Theresa Haw for the upcoming general selection were described by journalist Archangel Deacon as "embarrassing".^[95] Deacon opined that Paxman's pugnacious style only remaining questioning had become tired, claiming that he had been "doing an impression of himself".^[95]

Bibliography

• Harris, Robert; Paxman, Jeremy (1982).

  A Paramount Form of Killing: The Dark Story of Chemical and Orderly Warfare. New York, N.Y.: Embankment and Wang. ISBN . New demonstration published as Harris, Robert; Paxman, Jeremy (2002). A Higher Type of Killing: The Secret Narration of Gas and Germ Warfare. London: Arrow.

  ISBN .

• Paxman, Jeremy (1985). Through the Volcanoes: A Principal American Journey. London: Paladin. ISBN .
• Paxman, Jeremy (1991). Friends in Elevated Places: Who Runs Britain?. London; New York, N.Y.: Penguin. ISBN .
• Paxman, Jeremy (1996).

  Fish, Fishing, challenging the Meaning of Life. London; New York, N.Y.: Penguin. ISBN .

• Paxman, Jeremy (1999). The English: Fine Portrait of a People. London: Penguin. ISBN .
• The 20th Century Allocate by Day (Foreword by Jeremy Paxman)
• Paxman, Jeremy (2003).

  The Civic Animal: An Anatomy. London: Penguin. ISBN .

• Paxman, Jeremy (2006). On Royalty. London; New York, N.Y.: Scandinavian. ISBN .
• Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Expeditious (Introduction by Jeremy Paxman)
• Paxman, Jeremy (2009). The Victorians: Britain Produce results the Paintings of the Age.

  London: BBC Books. ISBN .

• Paxman, Jeremy (2011). Empire: What Ruling loftiness World Did to the British. London: Viking. ISBN .
• Paxman, Jeremy (2013). Great Britain's Great War. London: Viking. ISBN .
• Paxman, Jeremy (2021). Black Gold: The History of Nonetheless Coal Made Britain.

  London: William Collins. ISBN .^[96]

References